195 research outputs found
The Effects of Innovation on Performance of Korean Firms
This study empirically examines the relationship between knowledge capital and performance heterogeneity at the firm level. The model is based on a knowledge production function comprising of four interdependent equations linking innovativeness to innovation input, innovation output and productivity. The empirical part is based on Korean firm level innovation data. The model is estimated using advanced econometric methods. We investigate whether innovation is a significant and contributing determinant of performance heterogeneity among firms. In examining the relationship between innovation and productivity we correct for selectivity and simultaneity biases. The results show that there is a two-way causal relationship between knowledge capital and labor productivity. Firm-specific effects positively contribute to innovation output but they are negatively related to productivity. Industry heterogeneity does not affect innovation output or productivity.Innovation Input; Innovation Output; Productivity; Korea
Dynamics of Capital Structure: The Case of Korean Listed Manufacturing Companies
firms is developed in this paper and results compared with the classical static model. This paper specifies and estimates the unobservable optimal capital structure using a wide range of observable determinants. Uunbalanced panel data of Korean listed firms for the period 1985 to 2002 is used in this study. In addition to identification and estimation of the effects of the determinants of capital structure and capital structure optimality, some Korea-specific features such as the structural break before and after the financial crisis, as well as affiliation to a chaebol business groups, are taken into account to verify whether the optimal capital structure was affected by the financial crisis or whether belonging to a chaebol has any effect, and if so, to what extent.Capital structure; debt; firm; panel data; adjustment; Korea
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Thermal-Gravitational Instability in Protogalactic Halo Environment
We study thermal-gravitational instability in simplified models for
protogalactic halos using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations. The
simulations followed the evolution of gas with radiative cooling down to T =
10^4 K, background heating, and self-gravity. Then cooled and condensed clouds
were identified and their physical properties were examined in detail. During
early stage clouds start to form around initial density peaks by thermal
instability. Small clouds appear first and they are pressure-bound.
Subsequently, the clouds grow through compression by the background pressure as
well as gravitational infall. During late stage cloud-cloud collisions become
important, and clouds grow mostly through gravitational merging.
Gravitationally bound clouds with mass M_c > ~6 X 10^6 Msun are found in the
late stage. They are approximately in virial equilibrium and have radius R_c =
\~150 - 200 pc. Those clouds have gained angular momentum through tidal torque
as well as merging, so they have large angular momentum with the spin parameter
~ 0.3. The clouds formed in a denser background tend to have smaller
spin parameters. We discuss briefly the implications of our results on the
formation of protoglobular cluster clouds in protogalactic halos. (abridged)Comment: To appear in ApJ 20 September 2005, v631 1 issue. Pdf with full
resolution figures can be downloaded from
http://canopus.cnu.ac.kr/ryu/baeketal.pd
Effects of Rotation on Thermal-Gravitational Instability in the Protogalactic Disk Environment
Thermal-gravitational instability (TGI) is studied in the protogalactic
environment. We extend our previous work, where we found that dense clumps
first form out of hot background gas by thermal instability and later a small
fraction of them grow to virialized clouds of mass M_c >~ 6X10^6 M_sun by
gravitational infall and merging. But these clouds have large angular momentum,
so they would be difficult, if not impossible, to further evolve into globular
clusters. In this paper, through three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations in
a uniformly rotating frame, we explore if the Coriolis force due to rotation in
protogalactic disk regions can hinder binary merging and reduce angular
momentum of the clouds formed. With rotation comparable to the Galactic
rotation at the Solar circle, the Coriolis force is smaller than the pressure
force during the early thermal instability stage. So the properties of clumps
formed by thermal instability are not affected noticeably by rotation, except
increased angular momentum. However, during later stage the Coriolis force
becomes dominant over the gravity, and hence the further growth to
gravitationally bound clouds by gravitational infall and merging is prohibited.
Our results show that the Coriolis force effectively destroys the picture of
cloud formation via TGI, rather than alleviate the problem of large angular
momentum.Comment: To appear in ApJ Lett. (June 1, 2006, v643n2). Pdf with full
resolution figures can be downloaded from
http://canopus.cnu.ac.kr/ryu/baeketal.pd
Communication-Efficient On-Device Machine Learning: Federated Distillation and Augmentation under Non-IID Private Data
On-device machine learning (ML) enables the training process to exploit a
massive amount of user-generated private data samples. To enjoy this benefit,
inter-device communication overhead should be minimized. With this end, we
propose federated distillation (FD), a distributed model training algorithm
whose communication payload size is much smaller than a benchmark scheme,
federated learning (FL), particularly when the model size is large. Moreover,
user-generated data samples are likely to become non-IID across devices, which
commonly degrades the performance compared to the case with an IID dataset. To
cope with this, we propose federated augmentation (FAug), where each device
collectively trains a generative model, and thereby augments its local data
towards yielding an IID dataset. Empirical studies demonstrate that FD with
FAug yields around 26x less communication overhead while achieving 95-98% test
accuracy compared to FL.Comment: presented at the 32nd Conference on Neural Information Processing
Systems (NIPS 2018), 2nd Workshop on Machine Learning on the Phone and other
Consumer Devices (MLPCD 2), Montr\'eal, Canad
THE IMPACT OF ACTIVE LEARNING WITH ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL EDUCATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COURSES
An adaptive learning system is an effective educational tool that meets the individual needs of students, but it is limited in fostering student learning by itself. With active engagement, students learn better than with adaptive learning systems alone. In this study, we investigate the impact of an adaptive learning system with active learning projects on student learning in general education information technology courses. We believe that today\u27s classroom calls for adaptive learning to serve the needs of diverse student populations. Active learning through real-life hands-on learning activities can enhance student learning by allowing them to apply their knowledge to authentic projects. In the classroom, we often find that learning computing with authentic hands-on activities is not only useful, but it contributes to improving student motivation and confidence
Comparison of CORSIKA and COSMOS simulations
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) refer to cosmic rays with energy above
10^{18} eV. UHECR experiments utilize simulations of extensive air shower to
estimate the properties of UHECRs. The Telescope Array (TA) experiment employs
the Monte Carlo codes of CORSIKA and COSMOS to obtain EAS simulations. In this
paper, we compare the results of the simulations obtained from CORSIKA and
COSMOS and report differences between them in terms of the longitudinal
distribution, Xmax-value, calorimetric energy, and energy spectrum at ground.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, to appear in proceedings of UHECR2010 (AIP
Conference Series
Data Envelopment Analysis for establishing the financial benchmark of Korean hotels
In the wake of catastrophic natural disasters and rising threats of terrorism, the hotel industry has seen a decline in revenue and an increase in competition. To avoid a downward spiral, the hotel industry needs to develop more competitive business strategies in order to make its operations lean and robust. These strategies may include: customer relationship management, yield management, niche marketing and continuous improvement of financial health. The success of these strategies hinges on the ability of hotel managers to assess the financial efficiency of their hotel in comparison to competition. In an effort to help hotel management enhance its financial efficiency in an increasingly competitive hotel industry, this paper proposes a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which develops a meaningful set of benchmarks that will dictate best practices and form a successful hotel business model. Using the examples of 39 international and regional hotels in Korea, this paper illustrates the usefulness of DEA for the continuous improvement of hotel business practice
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